如何使用wxPython设计gui
wxPython介绍+一个实用的例子
1. wxPython简介
wxPython是wxWidget的库的一个python的封装。提供了一些库和一些工具。
这样wxPython即有python语言的优点:
语法强悍,少写了不少代码:)
也有wxWidget图形库的优点:
直接拉控件到大概位置就行了,不需要去调整控件的对齐,也不需要关心gui界面是否支持各种分辨率的桌面。而且界面都是可以运行时切换,只要写很少的切换代码。跨平台的图形库...
后悔,我怎么以前会用vb开发gui的 -_-!。
缺点,网上资料还比较少。而且在线文档都是英文的。不过如果英文好的话,到真的无所谓,因为wxPython的安装包本身提供的工具和资料也足够多,足够好了。
2. 开发入门
我使用ultraedit作为编辑器,wxPython自带的XRCed作为编辑xrc文件(一种xml格式的资源文件,类似于VC6中的RC文件)。
文档主要参考wxPython自带的在线文档和demo代码。不过关于如何使用xrc文件设计gui,wxPython自带的资料似乎还不够详细,这也是我写本文的原因。
通常情况下google"cvs def wxpython相关的关键字"可以快速找到开源的源代码参考。
如果这些例子还不够的话,就参考我的程序吧,这是一个商用程序的原型,我相信该程序的内容已经足够丰富了,应该比网上的一些wxPython教程中的hello world程序更有借鉴意义。
3. 源代码
两个文件,main.py是主程序,main.xrc是资源文件。只要安装了了python和wxpython,然后将这两个文件放在同一个目录中,运行main.py就可以了。
------------------------main.py-----------------------begin
##################################################################################
#General:
# read http://wiki.wxpython.org/index.cgi/UsingXmlResources for more information about how to use xrc
#
#Problems:
# google "(class 'wxMenuBar') not found ", visit http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Mail/Message/wxPython-users/2242126 ( wxGlade's problem?)
# google "TypeError: OnExit() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)" and visit http://www.gnuenterprise.org/irc-logs/gnue-public.log.2003-02-26 (wxPython's problem?)
# we *donot* want sash in splitter window to disappear. google "wxSplitterEvent" , get "The sash was double clicked. The default behaviour is to unsplit the window when this happens (unless *the minimum pane size has been set to a value greater than zero*, yes it is what we do in xrc)",
#
#Naming conventions:
# class._var1 = class shared variable (like static class data member in C++, BTW: see python online help for python's private variables's naming conventions )
# class.CapitalizeEveryWord = class method
# class.instance_data_member = instance's data member (like public data member in C++)
# m_file_shared_variables = variables prefixed with "m_" are shared in a file
# g_global_shared_variables = variables prefixed with "g_" are global variables
##################################################################################
from wxPython.wx import *
from wxPython.xrc import *
import sys
#the New Job dialog
class dlgNew:
def __init__(self,ctrl):
assert(ctrl<>None)
self.ctrl=ctrl
self.idc_textmode_txt=self.ctrl.FindWindowById(XRCID("idc_textmode_txt"))
assert(self.idc_textmode_txt<>None)
self.idc_new_runnow=self.ctrl.FindWindowById(XRCID("idc_new_runnow"))
assert(self.idc_new_runnow)
self.idc_new_jobname=self.ctrl.FindWindowById(XRCID("idc_new_jobname"))
assert(self.idc_new_jobname<>None)
self.MessageMap(self.ctrl)
def __del__(self):
#self.ctrl.Destroy()
pass
def MessageMap(self,ctrl):
EVT_BUTTON(ctrl, XRCID("idc_new_ok"), self.OnOK)
EVT_BUTTON(ctrl, XRCID("idc_new_cancel"), self.OnCancel)
EVT_BUTTON(ctrl, XRCID("idc_new_apply"), self.OnApply)
def OnOK(self,event):
if self.Validate():
self.OnApply(event)
self.ctrl.Close(True)
else:
# report error
pass
def OnCancel(self,event):
self.ctrl.Close(True)
def OnApply(self,event):
#save job
#if needed, submit it now
if self.idc_new_runnow.IsChecked():
pass
def Validate(self):
try:
if self.idc_textmode_txt.GetValue()==None:
assert(0)
raise
if self.idc_new_jobname.GetValue()==None:
assert(0)
raise
if not self.IsCmdValid(self.idc_textmode_txt.GetValue()):
assert(0)
raise
return True
except:
return False
def IsCmdValid(self,txt):
if txt==None:
assert(0);
return False
return True
class hostList:
def __init__(self, parent, id):
assert(parent<>None)
assert(id<>None)
self.id=id
self.ctrl=parent.FindWindowById(self.id)
assert(self.ctrl<>None)
#init list header
self.config_column=[ #id; #name; #size; #after filling data we resize
[0,"ID", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],
[1,"Job", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],
[2,"Work", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],
]
for c in self.config_column:
self.ctrl.InsertColumn(c[0],c[1])
self.ctrl.SetColumnWidth(c[0], c[2])
def Refresh(self,workers):
# filling data
self.ctrl.DeleteAllItems()
for i in range(0,5):
index = self.ctrl.InsertStringItem(sys.maxint, "") #insert nothing, just get index
self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 0, "val0") #0 means first column
self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 1, "val1")
self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 2, "val2")
# after filling data, resize column
for c in self.config_column:
self.ctrl.SetColumnWidth(c[0], c[3])
class jobList:
def __init__(self, parent, id, details=None):
assert(parent<>None)
assert(id<>None)
self.id=id
self.ctrl=pare

